一 | 什么是艾滋病？ 艾滋病又叫“获得性免疫缺陷综合症”。 The United States - Mexico land border is now the most dangerous land crossing in the world, according to a study by the International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Missing Migrants Project (MMP).,At least 728 migrants have died making the trek from Mexico to the United States, an increase of 52% from 2020. That number makes up the majority of the 1,238 migrant deaths that were reported in all of the Americas in 2021, the highest number since the MPP started tracking migrant deaths and disappearances in 2014.,But even that ghastly number is likely underreported, the study’s authors say. That is because an unknown number of dead migrants are never found or reported as missing.,Death toll rises to 51, Three Men Arrested in Texas Migrant Truck Case29 June, 01:59 GMT,“Our data shows the growing crisis of deaths during migration in the region, and the need to strengthen the forensic capacity of the authorities to identify deaths on these routes,” explained Edwin Viales, the lead author of the IOM study. “We cannot forget that every single number is a human being with a family who may never know what happened to them.”,The study was released less than a week after the discovery of a tractor-trailer in San Antonio, Texas, that was filled with over a hundred migrants, 53 of whom died after temperatures in the area soared to 103 F. That incident increased the number of migrant deaths along the United States - Mexico border to 493 in 2022 so far, putting this year on track to surpass even 2021.,While the land route is dangerous, traveling by sea is not much better. The study notes that at least 67 migrants have died traveling maritime routes between the Caribbean and the United States. That number is also likely underreported due to the number of vessels lost at sea that are never found.,Authorities attempt to identify the country of origin of dead migrants, but more often than not they are unable to. Over 500 of the deaths reported since the start of 2021 have an unknown country of origin.,Former DEA Agent: Biden’s ‘Lack of Law and Order’ to Blame for 53 Deaths in Texas Lorry Incident2 July, 03:44 GMT,While the economic crisis in Venezuela is cited as one cause of the increase in migrant activity, it is the border policies of the destination countries that the MPP points to as the primary culprit in the rise in migrant deaths.,“These deaths and disappearances are related to the lack of options for safe and regular mobility, which increases the likelihood of migrants opting for irregular migration pathways that put their lives at risk,” the executive summary of the studies states.,The Biden administration has been attempting to end Title 42, a Trump-era COVID-19 prevention policy that prevented asylum seekers from entering the country while they wait for their cases to be heard. However, multiple states have sued the federal government, delaying the policy’s cessation.,That and other strict border policies have forced migrants to seek alternative, more dangerous routes.,The study’s executive summary ends with a plea to governments to do something to prevent the deaths of migrants.,“States must honor their commitments … to save migrant lives and prevent further deaths and disappearances.”。病毒直接侵犯人体的免疫系统,干扰破坏免疫细胞，使人体抵抗疾病的能力下降，一般来说艾滋病患者会表现得非常脆弱，一些在常人身上不会致病的细菌、病毒都会乘虚而入，在常人身上表现很轻的病症，在他们身上都会成为严重的、难以治愈的疾病。
二 | 健康科普小贴士 如何分类 艾滋病病毒感染者：初始阶段，被感染者体内艾滋病病毒数量还很少，免疫功能还没有受到严重的破坏，未表现出异常症状，这种被艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染但还没有出现症状的人称为艾滋病病毒感染者，又称艾滋病病毒携带者。
三 | 艾滋病病人：发病阶段，被感染者体内的病毒增长到一定的数量的，免疫功能也被破坏到一定程度，其他病菌乘虚进入人体,使其发生多种疾病,如严重的腹泻、肺炎、多种癌症，还可以使人痴呆，这时的病人即称为艾滋病病人。
四 | 艾滋病病人往往死于由这些疾病造成的身体衰竭。 健康科普小贴士 临床表现 感染者一旦发病，实际上已经到了晚期，死亡率极高，其症状是复杂多样的。常见的有：长期低热，短期内体重减轻十分之一以上、消瘦、乏力、冒汗、慢性腹泻、慢性咳嗽、全身淋巴结肿大、头晕、头痛、智力减退、反应迟钝等。 健康科普小贴士 传播途径 由于病毒主要存在于人的血液、精液、阴道分泌物和乳汁中,所以任何这些体液进入其他人身体里的行为都有可能导致感染。在正常情况下,皮肤和粘膜是一种天然屏障,但是这个屏障有时会破损，比如切伤、擦伤、疮、溃疡。 主要通过下面三种途径从一个人传播到另一个人： （1）性传播 存在于精液、阴道分泌物、月经血中的病毒可通过生殖器粘膜而进人另一个人的体内。
五 | （2）通过带有病毒的血液传播 输入含有感染者的血液制品或器官移植；消毒不彻底或不消毒的注射器和针头、口腔科器械、妇产科器械、外科手术器械、针灸针等。 （3）母婴传播 艾滋病病毒感染的妇女所孕育的胎儿或婴儿，可以在孕期、分娩期、分娩后或哺乳期感染艾滋病病毒。 健康科普小贴士 如何避免艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染？ （1）不轻易接受输血和血制品（要求医院提供通过HIV检测的血液）； （2）不与他人特别是静脉吸毒者共用针头、针管、纱布、药棉等用具； （3）遵守婚前健康检查的规定，确认对象是否感染艾滋病毒，避免婚前性行为； （4）忠实一个性伴侣，不搞性乱； （5）被感染的妇女要避免怀孕； （6）尽量避免使用有可能刺破皮肤的用具，如牙刷、穿耳针、纹身针、刮胡刀、修脚刀等。 健康科普小贴士 资料源网络。
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